Management Theory and Practice Modern Management

Question: Portray about the Management Theory and Practice for Modern Management. Answer: 1: Henry Fayol is considered as father of present day the executives. He set out the establishment on creating the board as a particular and specific group of information. He suggested that there were five chief reasons for the board and fourteen standards. Beneath referenced are the six head targets of an administration: Arranging: This capacity of the board plans to chalk out future course of activities and deciding the most appropriate strategy to accomplish the ideal objectives. Sorting out: This capacity means to unite different accessible assets together and build up a relationship among them to accomplish the objective. Staffing: The primary reason for work is to serve the prerequisite of picking the perfect individual for the correct activity. It incorporates labor arranging, preparing and improvement, execution evaluation and so on. Coordinating: This capacity targets impacting, managing, controlling and persuading the workers to accomplish hierarchical objectives. Controlling: The capacity plans to check in the case of everything is falling in its during the time spent accomplishing authoritative objective (OConnor 2015). Fayol additionally gave fourteen rules that are applied in todays business which are division work to expand efficiency, authority and duty to make sentiment of belongingness, obey disciplines that oversee the association, solidarity of order stressed on the way that every worker ought to get orders from one prevalent, solidarity of bearing clarified that all representatives should concentrate on same target, subjection, compensation underscored on reasonable compensation to every worker, centralization of dynamic, scalar chain, request, value, changelessness of term of representatives, activities and Espirit the corps which targets advancing camaraderie and manufacture concordance and solidarity inside the association (Peaucelle and Guthrie 2015). 4: Peter. F. Drucker is considered as the pioneer among different other contemporary administration scholars. He had information in different regions as law, brain science, news coverage, humanism. For an incredible duration, Drucker contrived answers for different administrative issues. His help secured different parts of the executives. Following are the significant commitments made by Drucker the board capacities, nature of the executives, association structure, the board by targets, federalism, and hierarchical changes. The executives by destinations (MBO) is considered as one of the most crucial commitments made by Drucker. The term the board by targets (MBO) was begat by Drucker in 1954. It alludes to the act of defining objectives for the workforce to guarantee representatives should comprehend what they should do at the working environment. In the expressions of Drucker, its preferably a way of thinking over an administration method (Drucker 2013). Following are the requirements of Management by Objectives (MBO): It causes the representatives to comprehend their obligations at working environment. Key outcome regions (KRAs) are characterized for the representatives dependent on their instructive capabilities and experience. It drives workers towards fulfillment. It disregards the likelihood of employment jumble followed by undesirable disarrays. Impediments of Management by Objectives (MBO): It doesn't underline on the realities, for example, existing working conditions and work culture in the association. It for the most part underscores on the objectives and targets of the association. It only anticipates that its representatives should accomplish the pre-decided objective of the associations without considering the realities such working environment conditions. This procedure at times treats person as unimportant machines (Turriago Thoene and Arjoon 2016). References Drucker, P., 2013.People and execution. Routledge. OConnor, E.S., 2015, October. Henri Fayol and the administrative perspective. InAnnales des Mines-Grer et comprendre(No. 3, pp. 93-95). FFE. Peaucelle, J.L. what's more, Guthrie, C., 2015. Henri Fayol. Turriago-Hoyos, A., Thoene, U. what's more, Arjoon, S., 2016. Information Workers and Virtues in Peter Druckers Management Theory.SAGE Open,6(1), p.2158244016639631.

Examining Practice Of Price Discrimination Economics Essay

Looking at Practice Of Price Discrimination Economics Essay Impeccable rivalry is the most effective market structure in light of the fact that, over the long haul, each firm in the market will create at its base normal expense, or per-unit. This implies purchasers get wanted products and ventures at the most minimal potential costs, and furthermore that the organizations are streamlining on societys rare assets to the best degree conceivable. What is the distinction between the ideas of diseconomies of scale, and the law of lessening return? (4 imprints) Law of reducing return happens in the short-run when one factor is fixed. On the off chance that the variable factor of creation is expanded, there comes a point where it will turn out to be less profitable and subsequently there will in the end be a diminishing minimal and afterward normal item. At the point when since a long time ago run normal absolute cost ascends as yield builds, there are supposed to be diseconomies of scale. a. Sally claims a roof fan organization. A year ago, she sold 1000 roof fans at $50 each, and each fan cost her $20. Before going into the roof fan business, she filled in as a fan-artist at $25,000 every year. She utilized her own cash to purchase the fans by pulling back the cash from her investment account where it was gaining five percent yearly premium. Figure Sallys monetary benefit and her bookkeeping benefit. Should Sally proceed with her roof fan business? Clarify. (6 imprints) In the event that her financial benefit is at any rate zero, Sally should remain in business. Her TR = $50,000 and her absolute bookkeeping cost is $20,000, for a bookkeeping benefit of $30,000. She does without enthusiasm on reserve funds of $20,000 (.05) = $1,000 just as sworn off profit of $25,000. This leaves $4,000 in financial benefit, so she should remain in business. Weave Edwards claims a bagel shop. Weave recruits a financial specialist who surveys the state of the bagel shops normal complete expense (ATC) bend as an element of the quantity of bagels created. The outcomes show a U-molded normal all out cost bend. Weaves financial specialist clarifies that ATC is U-molded for two reasons. The principal reason is the presence of reducing minimal item, which makes it rise. What is the subsequent explanation? Clarify your answer. Accept that the negligible cost bend is direct. (4 imprints) Normal fixed expense consistently decreases as yield rises in light of the fact that fixed expense is being spread over a bigger number of units, subsequently causing the normal all out cost bend to fall. a. Give two conditions in which syndication may offer effectiveness focal points over rivalry. (4 imprints) A monopolist may be better situated to abuse economies of scale renting to a balance which gives a higher yield and a lower cost than under serious conditions. As firms can procure anomalous benefits over the long haul there might be a quicker pace of innovative advancement that will decrease expenses and produce better quality items for customers. This is on the grounds that the monopolist will put benefits into innovative work to advance powerful productivity. Clarify the act of tying and examine why it is questionable. (5 imprints) Tying is the act of packaging products available to be purchased. It is questionable in light of the fact that it is seen as an apparatus for extending the market intensity of firms by driving shoppers to buy extra items. In any case, market analysts are wary that a purchasers eagerness to pay increments on the grounds that to items are packaged together. As it were, just packaging two items together doesnt essentially include any worth. It is all the more precisely accepted to be a type of value separation. Portray the wellspring of strain among participation and personal responsibility in a market described by oligopoly. Utilize a case of a real cartel course of action to exhibit why this strain makes insecurity in cartels. (5 imprints) The wellspring of the pressure exists since absolute benefits are boosted when oligopolists collaborate on cost and amount by working as a monopolist. Be that as it may, singular benefits can be picked up by people undermining their helpful understanding. This is the reason helpful understandings among individuals from a cartel are characteristically flimsy. a. On the off chance that the normal complete cost bend is falling, what is fundamentally valid for the negligible cost bend? In the event that the normal absolute cost bend is rising, what is essentially valid for the minimal cost bend? (5 imprints) At the point when normal all out cost bend is falling it is essentially over the negligible cost bend. On the off chance that the normal all out cost bend is rising, it is essentially underneath the minor cost bend. Portray the distinction between normal income and minor income. For what reason are both of these income estimates critical to a benefit amplifying firm? (5 imprints) Normal income is absolute income separated by the measure of yield. Peripheral income is the adjustment in all out income from the offer of each extra unit of yield. Minimal income is utilized to decide the benefit expanding level of creation and normal income is utilized to help decide the degree of benefits. Portray the procedure by which the market for capital and the market for land arrive at balance. As a feature of your depiction, expound on the job of the load of the asset versus the progression of administrations from the asset. (6 imprints) Balance in the business sectors for land and capital are administered by the estimation of minimal item for these elements comparative with their flexibly. One contrast between these business sectors and the market for work is the differentiation between rental worth (stream) and price tag (stock). This distinction is accommodated by taking note of that in proficient markets, the price tag ought to mirror the estimation of the surge of administrations gave by the land or capital (or the aggregate of rental qualities fittingly limited). a. Rundown and clarify two conditions vital for firms to have the option to effectively rehearse value segregation. (2 imprints) Contrasts in value flexibility of interest between business sectors: There must be an alternate value versatility of interest from each gathering of shoppers. The firm is then ready to charge a more significant expense to the gathering with a more cost inelastic interest and a moderately lower cost to the gathering with a progressively versatile interest. By receiving such a system, the firm can expand its all out income and benefits. To benefit augment, the firm will look to set peripheral income = to negligible expense in each different (divided) advertise. Hindrances to forestall shoppers changing starting with one provider then onto the next: The firm should have the option to forestall showcase leakage or customer exchanging characterized as a procedure whereby buyers who have bought a decent or administration at a lower cost can exchange it to those purchasers who might have typically followed through on the costly cost. This should be possible in various manners, and is most likely simpler to accomplish with the arrangement of an exceptional help, for example, a hair style instead of with the trading of substantial merchandise. Leakage may be forestalled by offering an item to buyers at exceptional and various focuses in time for instance with the utilization of time explicit aircraft tickets that can't be exchanged under any conditions. Clarify how every one of the accompanying ventures rehearses value segregation: (6 imprints) eatery Eateries now and then have childrens menus. It tends to be productive if grown-ups who come to cafés with youngsters are, all things considered, more delicate to costs on menus than grown-ups who come to eateries without kids. Kids frequently don't esteem café food and administration, and regularly squander an enormous piece of their food. Guardians know this and would prefer not to pay a ton for their childs supper. In the event that eateries treat kids like grown-ups, the cafés may lose clients as families change to drive-through eateries. In the event that this clarification is right, at that point cafés cost separate. aircraft Aircrafts charge various costs for seats on a similar plane, contingent upon when the ticket was bought, to what extent the explorer will remain at the goal, and so on. Obviously, the expense of working the plane is free of these factors. Beautician A beautician may charge a lower cost to youngsters than to grown-ups. The explanation they do this is they accept youngsters to have a varying flexibility of interest to grown-ups. As it were, the value expected to amplify income from kids isn't equivalent to the value expected to augment income from grown-ups. By charging various costs they will augment income from the two gatherings Compute the all out income without value separation just as with value segregation, and complete the table with your computations. (4 imprints) Cost Qd TR TR (with impeccable value segregation) 30 0 22 10 220 220 14 16 224 304 10 24 240 464 7 38 266 562 Quickly portray the qualities of every one of the accompanying business sector types. Give a case of each market type. (8 imprints) unadulterated rivalry The products being offered available to be purchased should all be the equivalent. The purchasers and merchants must be various to the point that no single purchaser or dealer impacts the market cost. Purchasers and merchants are value takers. A model would be the wheat advertise. Restraining infrastructure A restraining infrastructure is a market wherein there is just a single dealer and the vender sets the cost of the item, given the interest bend for that item. A model would be a neighborhood digital TV organization. Oligopoly An oligopoly is a market wherein there are just a couple of merchants, and the venders don't generally contend forcefully. A model would be aircraft courses. monopolistic rivalry Monopolistic rivalry is a market containing numerous dealers offering marginally various items. Since the items are not the equivalent, dealers have some capacity to set cost. A model would be the product business. Utilize the chart beneath to clarify why a benefit expanding monopolistically serious firm should work at overabundance limit. For what reason is a splendidly serious firm not expose to a similar limitation? (6 imprints) Serious firms don't confront descending slanting interest. The diagram shows the firm picking a degree of creation in which the I

Average ACT Score by State

1 This post was updated in December 2019 to reflect the most recently available data. In such a numbers-obsessed world, it’s easy to become obsessed with comparing your own â€Å"numbers† to the numbers of others. Who has more Instagram followers? Who has the better GPA? Who can eat the most Peeps in 30 seconds? And who can blow the average ACT score out of the water with their intellectual prowess? So it’s easy to understand why we want to know how our test scores compare to average ACT scores. There are lots of different averages we can use, but lets start by taking a look at the big-picture data. Average ACT Scores by the Numbers In 2017, US students averaged a composite score of 20.7 on the ACT, broken down like this: ACT Test (Section)Average Score (2019) English20.2 Math20.5 Reading21.3 Science20.7 Composite20.7 However, keep in mind that these numbers come from an incredibly large pool of students (over 2 million, to be exact) each of whom is taking the ACT for different reasons. Average ACT scores also vary by state. Why? A couple reasons: varied curriculums, different state standards for high school graduation, and preparation for diverse tests proving that students have met those standards come to mind. So the overall averages are really not all that helpful in contextualizing your score. Instead, lets look at average SAT scores by state, then see how you can use them to your advantage. State ACT Score Averages Here are the average ACT scores by state, plus information about the percentage of students who meet national performance benchmarks. Average ACT Score by State (2019) State% of Students TestedAverage Composite Score% Meeting English Benchmark% Meeting Reading Benchmark% Meeting Math Benchmark% Meeting Science Benchmark Alabama10018.9 50385 West Virginia4920.867493334 Wisconsin10020.3560 National5220.759453936 This chart contains 2019 data on the percent of high school graduates who took the ACT, average composite scores, and the percent of tested students who met subject benchmarks. The data is organized by U.S. state. Data from ACT Average Scores by State, provided by the ACT. Thats a lot of information, so let’s break it down. The table gives us the average composite score for each state, as well as the percentage of students from each state meeting college-readiness benchmarks in English, Reading, Science and Math. Whats a Readiness Benchmark? If you take a look at the Condition of College Career Readiness 2019 report by the ACT, you can see that they take another measure into consideration for college readiness. ACT has done a lot of research and I invite you to read it, but for those of you on a tight schedule, this is how the ACT evaluates college readiness: ACT scores (or other standardized test scores) are a valuable predictor of college success, taken in consideration with high school grades and other factors. The benchmark scores for each section show the threshold above which students can expect to be reasonably prepared for college courses in this subject area. More specifically, the ACT explains, these indicators show the percentage of students who have a 50% chance of obtaining a B or higher or about a 75% chance of obtaining a C or higher in corresponding credit-bearing first-year college courses. In each state, a different percentage of test-takers meets or exceeds the benchmarks every year. What Average ACT Scores by State Mean for Everyone Benchmarks are one way of determining college readiness and what constitutes a good ACT score, and more reliable than comparing your score to the 20.7 average. But as weve seen, test scores in one state are not perfectly comparable to scores from another statethe 100% test rate in some states shows us that, in places, all students, not just those who are determined to go to college, take this exam. This most likely lowers that states composite score. A Better Way to Put Your Score in Context In other words, to get a better idea of how your scores stack up, it can be helpful to look at data from a smaller pool of studentspreferably some who have had a similar education. First of all, you can look at average ACT scores for your state. Although you will find that scores don’t vary drastically between states, you may live in a slightly less or more competitive one. You can look at average ACT scores for your school. Many students can access this data on their high school’s â€Å"Profile† sheet. This might be posted on your school’s website or you can ask your college counseling department for it. In fact, this is a really crucial piece of paper. Did you know that this is the info colleges use to understand how your high school compares to other high schools, as well as how you compare with to fellow students? Information is valuable, people! An Even Better Way A more helpful way to evaluate your ACT scores? Compare them to the average ACT scores at the colleges or universities you are targeting. If you don’t have a college list yet (or even if you do), I highly recommend doing some exploratory research by reading this comprehensive post on ACT scores, which has a great table you can use to find the average test scores at the top 100 U.S. universities. Some colleges are still stuck in the stone age, only publishing average SAT scores. If this is the case, first double-check that they accept ACT scores (most will, dont worry!). Then, you can easily convert this SAT score to an ACT score to see where your scores shake out. (Check out our ACT to New SAT to Old SAT Conversion Chart!) The Magoosh Answer Your ACT score can be a very important factor in determining college admissions. So make sure to arm yourself with all of the above facts and figures before you set your ACT goals. But it’s also important to keep in mind that your ACT scores are only one part of who you are as an applicantyou have lots of other talents to offer a college. And, don’t forget the most important person to be comparing yourself to isyou. So if you studied hard and increased your ACT score from a 16 to a 20, that is a huge win! You are now way better prepared than â€Å"average you† was before. And thats what really counts. Bottom Line: What All this Average ACT Score Info Means for You Why would you care what the average ACT score is in your state? A lot of colleges and universities have admissions officers who focus on a particular region. Believe me, theyre more than familiar with what the average score looks like in your area! Also, if youre applying to college in a particular state with a lot of in-state applicants, its good to know approximately where you stand in terms of the admissions pool. So if your score is slightly lower than average for the collegebut far above average in your stateit might not hurt your chances as much as you think it might. In fact, it may even help you!

Xenosmilus - Facts and Figures

The Xenosmilus (Greek for foreign sabre), pronounced ZEE-no-SMILE-us, lived in the plains of southeast North America during the Pleistocene, about one million years ago. Xenosmilus was about five feet long and 400 to 500 pounds. It lived on a diet of meat. Distinguishing features of this prehistoric cat include its large size, muscular legs, and relatively short canine teeth. About Xenosmilus The body plan of Xenosmilus doesnt conform to previously known saber-tooth-cat standards. This Pleistocene predator possessed both short, muscular legs and relatively short, blunt canines, a combination that has never before been identified in this breed. Paleontologists do believe Xenosmilus was a machairodont cat, and thus a descendant of the much earlier Machairodus. The unique skull and tooth structure of Xenosmilus has inspired a peculiar nickname, the Cookie-Cutter Cat Its as yet unknown whether Xenosmilus was restricted to southeast North America or was more widely distributed across the continent (or, for that matter, ever made it down as far as South America), as the only two fossil specimens were unearthed in Florida in the early 1980s. The most striking thing about Xenosmilus, besides its cookie-cutter bite, is how big it was. At 400 to 500 pounds, it was just shy of the weight class of the largest known prehistoric cat, Smilodon, better known as the saber-toothed tiger. Like Smilodon, Xenosmilus clearly wasnt suited to stalking or pursuing prey at high speeds. Rather, this cat would have lounged in the low branches of trees, pounced on slow-witted megafauna mammals as they passed by, dug its cookie-cutter teeth into their bellies or sides, only to let go and leisurely followed them as they slowly (or not-so-slowly) bled to death. The bones of peccaries, a type of pig native to North America, have been found in association with Xenosmilus fossils, so we at least know that pork was on the menu.

Essay on American Identity - 956 Words

American Identity Works Cited Not Included American identity has been created by many events throughout the course of history. This country was founded on the clashing and mixing of many different cultures and lifestyles. One of the most important periods of time for this country was during the period of conflict between Americans and Native Americans over land rights. Americans had an idea of manifest destiny and that this land was theirs for the taking. The Americans were going to walk through anyone who opposed them in this quest for land. The treatment of the Indians during this time period was harsh, cruel, and violent to say the least. It is in this treatment that Americans came to view the Indians as a ?racialized other? and†¦show more content†¦(Takaki, 36). This thinking lead to the belief that the Indians were worthless and simply impeding the spreading of a civilized culture. Indians from this point began to be dehumanized even further. Due to the color of their skin they were associated with the Devil. Th e settlers believed that Indians must be removed in order to progress in the settling of our land. ?God was making room for the colonists and hath hereby cleared our title to this place? (Takaki, 40). The early Puritans believed that they were meant to spread their religion and beliefs across the entire land. The killing of Indians for this purpose could then be justified by they were doing what God had wanted them to do. They saw themselves as messengers of God and they needed to get rid of theses ?Devilish creatures to do so.? The English created these negative and unholy images of Indians to lower their own moral standards. In their minds they weren?t killing another human being, they were killing a demonic unholy beast. ?As the settlers made their way westward, they developed an ideology of ?savagery? (Takaki, 44). The natives were then considered to be an unimprovable race. They were incapable of being changed, their traits were inherent and their descent caused them to be this way. The thinking of the Americans was that the Indians had to removed off their lands. One of the leaders in this movement was Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was a man who pushed for the advancement of hisShow MoreRelatedNative American Identity Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pages Cornell University Professor Clinton Rossiter explains identity as, â€Å"an intangible feeling. It is something that is felt†¦ An identity is not static. Feelings change with time and therefore, so can identity.†(http://ushistorythemes.weebly.com/american-identity.html). When colonists first arrived to North America, some people wanted to establish an identity unique to themselves and their new colonies. In the beginning, this proved challenging as they were constantly succumbing to Britain s authorityRead MoreErikson and Goffman on American Identity Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages they think of McDonald’s, the Statue of Liberty, Hollywood film stars, and the list goes on. In terms of Americans, people associate Texans with cowboy boats, Californians with surfboards, and New Yorkers with a snobbish grin on their face. It is true that all these things represent America in one way or another, but what exactly is American identity? Erikson’s analysis on Amer ican identity has drawn attention to four topics: Mom, adolescent, boss, and machine. He links all four topics togetherRead MoreAsian American Identity Development Model886 Words   |  4 PagesRCIDM and Multiculturalism Having knowledge of the Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model will help counselors to become more culturally competent. 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Whether he knew it, the informant reflectsRead MoreThe Identity Of The American Revolution1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe identity of the American colonists prior to the American Revolution was still work in progress because there were certain events that helped shape their identity and led to the American Revolution. The American colonies were trying to break away from the British control because they wanted to become independent and be their own nation. Once the British began to realize the intentions of the colonists, they began to create laws, acts, and other forms things to keep the colonists under their controlRead MoreAfrican American Identity2425 Words   |  10 Pagessources of African American identity? The Discovery of African American Identity In the 1900s African American have slowly started to gain their rights after the end of slavery. It was a difficult and tedious process; however, they never gave up on what they believed in, which is â€Å"racial equality†. 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The media is a reflection of the values that are held in American culture and can be used to enact social reform, or toRead MoreThe Identity Of African Americans1758 Words   |  8 PagesRace was a primary factor used to shape the identity of African Americans which was seen through their culture. Race is portrayed through the narratives such as The life of Frederick Douglas by Frederick Douglass and the Autobiography of an Ex-colored man by James Weldon Johnson. In both the narratives, they state they are slaves due their race. First, this idea is supported in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass when he states in the preface, â€Å"he was a slave â€Å"too (Douglass 325).

Research Proposal Changing Consumers Perception

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal for Changing Consumers Perception. Answer: Introduction The success of the retail business is completely customer-driver. It is indeed challenging to keep maintain the competitive advantages in the market because consumer preferences are keep challenging with times. There are many internal pressures in the industry of fast food restaurant and cafes including KFC, McDonald and so on. To capture the maximum consumer demand KFC invented own secret recipe of Sander (Recipe with spices and ranges of 11 herbs). By the introduction of serving fried chicken in the Bucket system, the company has gradually increased their popularity among global audiences. The main competitive advantages of the company are the high standard supply chain and the system of the distribution. However aggressive expansion by foreign rivals increasing the eating options for consumers (Paulsen, Rogns and Hersleth 2015). Evidence suggests immense changing preferential food habits of consumers in the fast food restaurant and caf industry. For instance, KFC, being the subsid iary company of YUM was decided to be sold by the parent company to reduce the operational loss of the YUM. Despite working hard to create irresistible taste and experiences that delight consumers time, KFC faced many religious conflicts and thus results restricted consumption of the products of company at times. Therefore, changing patterns of consumer choice in terms of KFCs fast food products requires to be evaluated and analyzed being chosen as the research topic foe this proposal. Based on this research topic, the researcher will design the entire research process by formulating the research aim, objectives, and research questions. After developing the aim and objectives of the research, the researcher will discuss the literature review where recent journals, case studies, articles regarding the KFCs struggle, competitive challenges and fights for sustainability over the years will be discussed. However, the evolving fast food consumption patterns is the core essence of the reviewing the literature (Manning 2015). Based on the literature the researcher will chose which tools, approaches, techniques would be suitable for getting the desired results in the methodology section. Research Aim and Objectives The aim of the research is to analyze the changing patterns and the reactions towards the intake of KFC. By aiming at this, the researcher is set out the objectives of the research which are as follows: To evaluate the frequency of changing patterns of the food consumption demand of consumers all over the world To discuss the changing fast food habits regarding the intake of KFC To examine the biggest challenges which turmoil the brands position in India and around the world To discuss the cultural perception and reactions and its impacts of business management and marketing strategies of KFC while doing the business all over the world. Background and Literature Review Several impressive growths of the developing countries over the past two decades ensure the par capital growth incomes in the hands of most of the global consumers who prefer to eat fast foods in their daily life (Manning 2015). However, the researcher noticed that the share of consumer spending on food has recently declined despite countries maintained consistency with the overall economic growth. It indicates that the fast food business has rapidly changing with the different perceptions of consumers. Nowadays consumers have become choosy. To manufacture the ranges of products with flavoring new and presenting differently are the ongoing challenges for fast food restaurants and cafes such as MacDonald and KFC. This company is the second largest fast food chain has successfully operated more than 18000 stores around 115-118 countries around the world. To maintain the competitive advantages, the company introduced the new recipes such as Sander which is the unique blend of eleven her bs. Furthermore the company introduced a new trend of serving the fried chicken in the cardboard Bucket. The company has successfully defeating all the competitions coming from the other rival companies in different nations and has ensured huge average annual sales of approximately to 1.2 million dollar in 2013. However, the company experienced a huge setback in 2015, when YUM was all set to sale KFC business in India due to failed to gain any profit after made many efforts by the management. The company was observed that consumers suddenly have been cut down their budget on discretionary spending. On the other hand, despite the second dominating position of KFCs in the world-wide fast food industry, it encountered fierce cultural obstruction in many countries such as China, India and other Muslim nations (Paulsen, Rogns and Hersleth 2015). Firstly, this has happened in China. Being an ancient country with a long-established history and unique oriental culture, this foreign company was being criticized for their patterns of adaptation and the way Chinese customer perceived their products (Hugstad and Durr 2015). Thus the company was caught by many authors attention due to cultural differences in the Chinese market. In the recent times, Kentucky Fried Chicken have been faced strange cultural consequences and criticized the company for slaughtering millions of under processed chicken in a dreadful way, which is considered unlawful in many Muslim countries and India where there are huge populations exists from Muslim communities. The same situation was faced by this American company in other Islamic countries. Being recognized as the western food chains in many Arab and Asian countries, KFC restaurants have been stormed, bombed and burned down in fits of anti-American rage or terrorism over the past decade. The company has become a topic of debates over encroachment of non-traditional values. There were many scholar article published cited concerns that the resta urant was another sign that the United States is trying to gain cultural influences over Iran. These results, KFC are still banned in Iran under orders from the higher authorities of the country. Later the company received request from an Islamic Imam to have Islam-approved meat served in their chain but this American food chain company refused these offer in Hong-Kong for the first time (Hugstad and Durr 2015). In this way, the cultural influences changed the human perceptions and demand of food consumption and KFC faced this managerial problem by many years. Now the company is mainly concerned about the security issues to function in the global market. Though there is a huge cultural difference of Western and Asian, new generation people of India hugely appreciates the secrets of crispy chicken (Paulsen, Rogns and Hersleth 2015). Due to economic liberalization policy of the government of India, KFC initially has received permission to open 30 new outlets across the country. The co mpany has become popular due to having substantial upper middle class families with the trend of families eating out in most of the major cities. However, KFC faced severe protests by People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). This regulatory body even released a video tape showing the brutal treatment in poultry firms of KFC. This hampered the year end sale of the company during the phase of nineties. Despite the company faced many cultural constraints in India, the company planned a massive expansion program in India considering the values and beliefs of Indian culture. Gap of the literature: The managerial issues and problems are difficult to measure for the researcher because all such data are confidential and non-accessible for the third party. On the other hand, depending only on the published data and journals regarding such issues may not give the authentic outcomes of the literature. Research questions: The researcher will address specific at the end of the research study by addressing the following research questions: What is the significance of different cultural perspectives in term of selling products of KFC? How does changing preferences of consumer impacts on business management and marketing strategies of KFC? What are the challenges faced by the organization while selling products in India? How would KFC stand for new prominence in India and around the world? How does the fast food brand deal with the aggressive entry of foreign rivals in the market? Research Process A progressive research must maintain a structure and procedure which comprises some typical research process in form of following stages: With the expectation that the chosen research topic holds the relevance, the researcher selects the research area in the first stage. To discuss the research topic in more descriptive manner, the researcher will formulate the research aim, objectives and significant question which address the problem statement of the research clearly. In that context, the researcher will select the appropriateness between the formulation of the research questions and the development of the hypothesis. This stage is vital because the following stage of methodology is completely depends on research aim and objectives or hypothesis. In the third stage, the research will conduct comprehensive reviews of the literature. Here the researcher will form an opinion after the studying different perspectives and approaches of the changing consumer perceptions in order to intake the food consumptions because consumers has become choosy due to an impressive economic growth over the last two decades in most of the developing countries including India. In the next stage, the researcher will select the specific data collection method on the basis of critically evaluating suitability or non-suitability associated with several alternative data collection methods. After gathering all data and relevant information, the researcher will be preceded by the great level of preparation for the successful completion of data collection method. Data will critically examine in the section of data analysis for the observations of research aim and objectives. Based on the outcome of the research, the researcher will reach at conclusion stage where the researcher will justify what the study has achieved in the due course. Following all of the stages above, the researcher will organize the entire research study and close the research procedure within a specified time frame. Methodology of the Research: Research methodology gives researcher a framework for conduct the research systematically (Yin et al. 2016). By the use of various tools and techniques, the researcher will conduct this research. To identify the evolving issues related to changing perceptions of consumers and impacts of disgraceful cultural understanding against the intake of KFC in India or particularly other Muslim countries, the company needs to choose a suitable research design. The purpose of the research design is to explore the specific aspects of the research area. The researcher may chose three types of research design: Descriptive, Exploratory and Explanatory. Descriptive research design provides the additional information about the research topic. In this approach, the researcher collects information instead of making guesses or elaborate models to predict the future. On the other hand, Exploratory research design describes as the initial research into hypothetical or theoretical ideas. Here the researcher forms an observation about the research topic. Furthermore, Explanatory research design, is described as an attempt to connect ideas to understand the different consequences of the research. For this research, the researcher will follow the descriptive research design. By the approaching these research design the company will gain an in-depth understanding of the topic of the research. In this section the researcher will also decide the suitable approach of collecting such data and information which are essential to conduct such research. Here the primary and secondary both data collection methods will be used. The secondary data research is required for conducting the extensive literature about the chosen topic. Here sources of data will explore different articles, journals, books about the behavior and patterns of consumers regarding the changing perceptions of eating fast food habits will be discussed. On the other hand, the primary research consists of a collection of original primary data collected by the researcher. It is often undertaken after the researcher has gained some insight into the concerned issue by the analyzing of the secondary research (Smith 2015). Here the researcher will explore both qualitative and quantitative data for getting the best research outcomes related to the topic. Moreover, the researcher will select the sample for getting the st atistical data for the chosen respondents (Palinkas et al. 2015). In this research, people from the age group of 18-50 years of different religions will be selected for participating respondent because ranges of ages consumed goods with various choices. Data collection and research For conducting the research, the best research design needs to explore the sufficient amount of data which needs to collect from different sources (O'Leary 2013). According to Pickard (2012), the adequate data helps to explore different perspectives of the concerned issue. As per the research methodology, the researcher will explain both primary and secondary data for presenting the better analysis of the topic of the topic of the research. The secondary sources will help to understand the cultural perspective and patterns of intake of KFC. For gathering primary data, different region people of the age group of 18-50 years who may be a consumer or not interested to intake KFC foods. Therefore, the researcher will get the variable responses. By conducting the survey, the researcher has chosen Dandenongs KFC considering the best location because it is situated at the centre of Melbourne City. Generally people of this area are come for dinner and they are from the different language and diverse cultural background. This is a method of quantitative data analysis where personal observations are collected and critically analyzed (Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine 2012). On the other hand, the face-to-face interviews will be conducted under the qualitative data analysis section. The managerial people of different locations of KFC will participate in the discussion regarding the changing food intake habit of the global audiences. Furthermore, the cultural factors indulge brutality slaughtering of chicken for making the processed chicken recipes of KFC raised many issues against the companys operation. Therefore, the managerial people of the concerned company are the best people to share their responses regarding this sensitive issue. This is a qualitative data analysis where methods of enquiry employed in many of academic disciplines (Silverman 2016). In this way, the research will analyze both qualitative and quantitative data through the process of primary data collection method. Gantt Chart: Expected research outcome: By the successful completion of this research, the concerned company, KFC will get to know about the consumers perceptions and theoretical thinking about the products of the company. Based on such results, the management of the American based company will anticipate the future sales. This research may help to recover the issues which may responsible for decreased product demand in the India and Other Muslim countries. Conclusion with assumed contribution of the research: The researcher may hope that this research will provide a clear perspective about the different cultural values, beliefs, norms and a particular food consumption habits as well. This will help to understand the changing consumers trends and perceptions regarding the intake of fast food consumption. This will definitely contribute in companys sustainability in the foreign market. References: Hugstad, P.S. and Durr, M., 2015. A study of country of manufacturer impact on consumer perceptions. In Proceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 115-119). Springer International Publishing. Manning, L., 2015. Determining value in the food supply chain. British Food Journal, 117(11), pp.2649-2663. O'Leary, Z., 2013. The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544. Paulsen, M.T., Rogns, G.H. and Hersleth, M., 2015. Consumer perception of foodbeverage pairings: the influence of unity in variety and balance. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2(2), pp.83-92. Pickard, A., 2012. Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R. and Magazine, M. eds., 2012.Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media. Yin, Z., Valdez, A., Mata Jr, A.G. and Kaplan, C., 2016. Developing a field-intensive methodology for generating a randomized sample for gang research. Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology, 28(1), pp.81-90.

The Only Exception by Paramore free essay sample

The Only Exception is one of the many hit-worthy tracks located on Paramores new hit album Brand New Eyes. The Only Exception is a soft ballad with a semi-acoustic, sympathetic feel that turns into a beautiful heart grabber that talks about keeping everyone at a safe distance, which is also well illustrated in the music video itself. The video starts with Paramores leading lady, Hailey Williams, waking up in her boyfriends arms, realizing that their relationship isnt right and that shes letting him get close enough to possibly hurt her, like others have. Throughout, we see her struggle with the problems in her love life as she goes on date after date, finding no one that she wants to risk her heart with. But, as the song goes on, she finally realizes that the one that had always been by her side all this time was her current boyfriend, and that maybe its okay for her to let down her barriers and let someone get close enough to hopefully love her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Only Exception by Paramore or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is the perfect song and music video for all of you who are getting to know the music of Paramore, are already super Paramore fans, or are just plain hopeless romantics. Be sure to check out all of the other amazing hits and creative videos from this all-guy-one-girl band. Enjoy!

coliesum essays

coliesum essays Construction of the Coliseum, or Flavian Amphitheater, was begun by Vespasiano c.72 A.D. and inaugurated by his son Titus in 80 A.D. Built on marshy land between the Esquiline and Caelian Hills, it was the first permanent amphitheater to be built in Rome. Its monumental size and grandeur as well as its practical and efficient organization for producing spectacles and controlling the large crowds make it one of the great architectural monuments achieved by the ancient Romans. The Coliseum is a vast ellipse with tiers of seating for 50,000 spectators around a central elliptical arena. Below the wooden arena floor, there is a complex set of rooms and passageways designed for wild beasts and other provisions for staging the spectacles. Eighty walls radiate from the arena and support vaults for passageways, stairways and the tiers of seats. At the outer edge circular arcades link each level as well as stairways between levels. The three tiers of arcades are faced by three-quarter c olumns and entablatures, Doric columns in the first story, Ionic columns in the second and Corinthian columns in the third. Above them is an attic story with Corinthian pilasters and small square window openings in alternate bays. At the top brackets and sockets carry the masts from which a canopy for shade was suspended. Small differences in some details of the construction have convinced archaeologists that the building of the Coliseum was entrusted to four different contractors, working side by side in the four quadrants of the amphitheatre. The names of the architects are not known. The idea that thousands of slaves were employed has been rejected, since the quality of the construction is proof of the specialization of the work force. Once completed, the foundation base was covered by a travertine floor, 90 cm thick in average. On this stone floor the reference point for the main pillars were marked, and the base blocks of the pillars were anch...

Summary of the three ethical theories that are most central in Research Paper

Summary of the three ethical theories that are most central in philosophic ethics today - Research Paper Example One renowned deontologist is Immanuel Kant who has proposed that those actions should be considered as moral for which the reason for conducting an action was that the performer of the action is ready to accept the same action being considered against him in the same situation or in any other situation. This reason has been regarded as the maxim by the theorist. According to the principle of virtue ethics an act is considered as ethical or virtuous if and only if the person carrying out that act complies with the standards of honesty as well as righteousness (trinity.edu, 2014). Virtue ethics emphasizes upon the significant characteristics of an individual who can be regarded as a good human being. The theory of ethics of virtue has proposed the position that a person who can be regarded as good in nature is an individual who complied with various principles of

Occupational Health and Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupational Health and Safety - Research Paper Example Confined space is a component of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007. The probable hazards associated with confined spaces include asphyxiation, loss of consciousness, injury, death, fire, and many more. According to Auburn University (2012), a Hot Work Permit is required where a temporary operation requires work involving open flames or producing heat and/or sparks. Welding and soldering are some examples of such work. According to Work Safe Victoria (2012), a job safety analysis (JSA) which brings together accepted safety and health principles and practices, and applies it to a particular task or operation. It indentifies each basic step of a job, and then addresses the most safest manner in which the job should be performed (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety 2008). A Safe Work Methods Statement (SWMS), is quite similar to a JSA. However, a SWMS is created for high risk construction work, as well as other work activities. These statements are to be provided, regardless of the cost of the project (Housing Industry Association 2004). According to the Best Practice Regulation Handbook (2010), a Regulation Impact Statements (RIS), is compulsory for all decisions made by the Australian Government and its agencies which will most likely affect the regulations on business or government activity, unless the impact is of a minor nature. 6) Review your workplace and list 15 or more hazards that you and or someone else would be exposed to on a regular basis. You are to also list the consequences of being exposed to such hazards and would they now become risks? The unit is quite narrow and small, and had various objects that tend to stick out, such as the hooks for the tongs and the cash registers drawer. This could lead to staff members getting hit by these objects, causing injury. We have a vault drop box, in which we bank our takings daily. In order to bank we need to deposit in a small compartment in the top drawer which then

The Difference Between Morals and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Difference Between Morals and Ethics - Essay Example It is a systematic evaluation and reasoning of how we ought to perform depending on various contexts. As Desnoyers defines, â€Å"ethics is the body of principles that decide what behaviors are right, good, and proper.† (Desnoyers). Such attitudes do not always state a single â€Å"moral† course of action, but facilitate measures to evaluate and decide among competing options. It is all about putting these principles into action. It is a matter of honesty to observe uniformity between what we say, we value, and what our deeds say we value. Ethics motivates a person to follow certain standards or codes of behavior desired by the society in which the individual is a part. Ethics in its wider sense can be national ethics, social ethics, company ethics, or professional ethics. On the other hand, morals promote a demanding set of duties that requires a person to overcome his natural desires, in way to follow his moral law. On comparing the differences between ethics and mora ls, we find that ethics is the guidelines, for choosing proper conduct, while morality is the parameters for behavior that exist at some point of time. The ethical principles undergo very little changes while on the other hand, morality endures more changes repeatedly. Morality can be depicted as a snapshot taken of an unstable object. However, since ethics has got more essential and established principles, it is bigger than morality in its function. An example of a criminal defense lawyer may be apt to understand the terms of moral and ethics in its practical sense. The lawyer’s personal moral code may consider the murder immoral and culpable. On the other hand, the ethics demands the lawyer to defend his client as strongly as possible, even when he is aware of the fact that the accused is guilty and freeing the defendant would eventually lead to more crimes. In such case, the legal ethics as well as his professional ethics must override personal morals in order to uphold th e justice system where the accused is given a fair chance. In the same way, ethics and morals may clash at the workplace where the company ethics supersede personal morality. Corporate insatiability that often crosses its own ethical lines fastened with perverse demands on time may force employee to select from a traumatic, challenging, and unbearable work ethics considering his/her family responsibilities as moral commitment to next of kin. Ethical decision making is carried out by the logical and systematical application of one’s ethical principles and does not take place by random likelihood. An individual often feels lost at sea when facing with a situation where he needs to apply ethical principles. In a critical decision making condition, an individual can apply ethical principles by choosing a course of action. George Desnoyers brings out a set of clear rules that can be applied in advance to enhance an individual to lead an ethical life. They are; I will think before I act; will clarify and constantly review my goals. I will try to consider the consequences of my actins and omissions. I will monitor and review the results of my actions. I will be honest in all my business dealing. (Source: Desnoyers, n.d). Moral certainty can be referred to as a concept of instinctive probability, where a high degree of probability occurs that is adequate for the action but not sufficient for absolute certainty.

The Use of Flashback in Kenneth Branaghs Henry V Essay -- Film, Movie

The Use of Flashback in Kenneth Branagh's Henry V Â   In Kenneth Branagh's film adaptation of William Shakespeare's Henry V flashback is used at key moments to comment on the action and to explain points in Henry's past, and how that past effects his present judgment. Certain scenes and lines are borrowed from parts one and two of Shakespeare's Henry IV to do this. The result is an amalgam of scenes, lines, and characters which brings about a telling expose of Henry V, and the man he was before becoming king of England. Flashback is used in this adaptation directly, to establish key points and players in Henry's life, as well as in a less direct manner, coming through in his current actions, to show his sovereignty, what that means to him and why. The initial flashback scene displays a memory of Pistol's concerning Sir John Falstaff (portrayed by actor Robbie Coltrane). The flashback occurs while Falstaff is on his deathbed, and his remaining friends lament his impending loss. Branagh gives Pistol a line of Falstaff's, describing Falstaff in his own words as "A goodly, portly man, in faith," (1 Henry IV. II. iv. 421), apparently to establish Falstaff as the well loved character he seems to be in the Branagh film. Falstaff is shown as the jolly jester in this flashback, and not at all as the dangerous, mischief making deceiver he is in the texts, themselves. Branagh focuses on the pathos of Falstaff, to display his rejection as an unfortunate one. It is in this flashback that the audience sees the Machiavellian seeds being sewn in Prince Hal's personality as he shows his willingness to banish "valiant Jack Falstaff", however it is not shown where these seeds came from. Falstaff advises his young friend not to banish him f... ...am Shakespeare's Henry V, Branagh uses flashback in more than one way to retell the classic story of King Henry V. Both in actual, and implied flashback Branagh shows the true character of Henry, along with what makes him the king that he is and what gets him to this point in his life. The byproducts of the humanization of Falstaff, and the vilification of Bardolph, coupled with the unique look at Henry's image of his father gives the audience a very different look at this life story, but one which is nonetheless accurate, and entertaining. Works Cited Henry V. Dir. Kenneth Branagh. The Samuel Goldwyn Company, 1989. Kliman, Bernice W. "Branagh's Henry V: Allusion and Illusion." Shakespeare on Film Newsletter. 14.1 (Dec. 1989): 1+. Shaw, William P. "Textual Ambiguities and Cinematic Certainties in Henry V." Literature Film Quarterly. 22.2 (1994): 117-28.

Voucher programs: Tuition Subsidied for Public School Students

Vouchers are tuition subsidies for students in public schools to attend private schools and/or for students already in private schools. Proponents for publicly funded school vouchers see them as a way for poor parents to leave a failing public school system and allow their children to go to the school of their choice. Opponents fear that school vouchers would take money away from public schools, causing grater segregation while not helping the majority of students remaining in the public school system. The Catholic Church supports school vouchers and believes that every person should have equal opportunity to send there children to the best schools regardless of there financial situation. This paper will attempt to explain the complex arguments around the issue of publicly funded school vouchers, so that one could understand both sides of this issue. Voucher programs allow students to take a portion of funds reserved for public education to put toward private education. The major supporters of school vouchers are poor parents, and the Catholic Church. Before 1999, the Catholic Church had been one of the chief enemies of all federal grants for education. Then the Hierarchy gradually changed direction, and it decided to support federal aid in principle on condition that any specific measure should include auxiliary services for Catholic schools. The condition has never been met, and the failure of agreement has created the longest and most caustic church-state controversy in the history of Congress. According to the Church and Catechism it is the obligation of the state that â€Å"public subsidies are paid out in such a way that parents are truly free to choose according to their conscience the schools they want for their children. † Supporters of such a program believe that allowing students to choose the school they will attend will result in a better education and a more level playing field, where not only middle- and upper-class students dominate the private school system. Some proponents of vouchers see the public school system as promoting atheist views and denying the freedom to practice a religion other that atheism. School vouchers would allow parents to send their children to religious schools and allow them to assert the right to practice the religion of their choice. Cavailer Daily, a scholar and leader in the voucher movement states, â€Å"Freedom of Religion should allow students to attend a parochial school, rather than prevent them. † Vouchers allow choice for all people not only the ones wealthy enough to afford a religions education. The current system has allowed students â€Å"to be rigorously secularized† striking down â€Å"most forms of public assistance to parents who desire to protect their children from an educational system that is often actively promoting values that are profoundly at odds with religious convictions. The net result has been that a crucial aspect of religious freedom is exercised only by families wealthy enough to afford private education after paying taxes for public schools. † Mary Ann Glendon, a constitutional scholar and professor at Harvard University. Many proponents of vouchers do not want to eliminate the public school system; they want to use . School choice means better educational opportunity, because it uses the dynamics of consumer competition to drive service quality. As students leave the public school system and choose private school they will take there voucher money with them causing profit loses for that district. Many proponents of vouchers feel that this will cause the public schools to reform and offer a better educational program, so they can also become competitive in the schools market. Public schools currently account for 90% of the educational institutions, thus cornering the market. Proponents of vouchers believe that the short term benefits will allow students to get a better education, and in the long term public schools will be forced to radically change there programs in order to compete with a growing school market. The advantage of voucher programs is that parents can spend their money how they see fit. Public schools are funded with taxes-often property taxes, which partially accounts for better schools in richer districts. Each district gets a different amount of money per student so in the poor areas of the country the schools get less money per student resulting in lower quality teachers, and inability to buy adequate materials. People must pay these taxes regardless of the quality of local schools, or where they want to send their child. Even if you send your child to private school, you are still required to pay taxes to fund a public school system that you do not use. The voucher system, then, acts as a refund system for parents who wish to educate their children elsewhere. Leading the charge against publicly funded school vouchers is the American Teachers Union, American Federation of Teachers, National Education Association, as well as The National Council of Churches and many constitutionalists. Opponents of school vouchers believe that while vouchers might seem like a good idea on the surface, a deeper investigation reveals its fatal flaws and irreversible social implications. The biggest argument against vouchers is that they are unconstitutional. It has been decide that according to the establishment clause of the 1st amendment giving any funds to private school that promote religion is against the law. Vouchers also have the ability to hurt the majority of students in public schools by taking away their funding. According to expert on the subject of school vouchers, Henry Levin, â€Å"not only are vouchers unconstitutional but they completely undermine the public education system, thus threatening our system of democracy. † The issue is one of separation between church and state. Under the establishment clause of the 14th amendment, may public money be used for sectarian schools? During the 1940†³s, the high court decided that all direct appropriations for the central expenditures of such schools would be unconstitutional. No federal or local tax funds may be used for building costs, teachers† salaries, or other regular operational expenses. These perimeters were established in the Everson v. Board of Education ruling in 1947. In this case, a New Jersey town had allowed local tax funds to reimburse Catholic parents for busing their children to school. The Court, speaking through Justice Black, said: The â€Å"establishment of religion† clause of the First Amendment means at least this: Neither a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church. Neither can pass laws, which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another. Neither can force nor influence a person to go to or remain away from church against his will or force him to profess a belief of disbelief in any religion. No person can be punished for entertaining or professing religious beliefs or dis-beliefs, for church attendance or non-attendance. No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, what ever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice or teach religion. Neither a state nor the Federal Government can, openly or secretly, participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups and vice versa. In the words of Jefferson, the clause against the establishment of religion by law was intended to erect â€Å"a wall of separation between church and state. † For the past 50 years the Supreme Court has held up the â€Å"wall of separation† in such high profile cases as the Nyquist decision in 1973, which invalidated a New York State program that provided tuition reimbursements to poor parents whose children attended private schools. Although the court found that New York had attempted to ensure the secular effect by making the payments directly to the parents, it ruled that the program had a primary function of advancing religion, and there for was unconstitutional. This ruling affirmed Justice Black†s decision in making publicly funded school vouchers unconstitutional. Opponents of school vouchers believe that not only are they unconstitutional; they also hurt students and the Public School System. The United States Public School system was founded during the mid 1800†³s to promote economic and social well being. The United States prides it self on being one of the only countries to provide a free and equal education to all children from kintergarden too high school. There is an apparent connection between public schools and the common good in democracy because as our country becomes increasingly diverse, the public school system stands out as an institution that unifies Americans. Research from the United States and abroad show that vouchers lead to greater segregation of students by socioeconomic status and race. Countries such as Ireland and Canada are divided because their governments provide education for each different religion, and consequently a deep cultural division in the population has been accentuated. The public school systems serves the majority of people and most are satisfied and don†t want to change where they go to school. Opponents of school vouchers believe they do not help the majority of poor and underprivileged and benefit more advantaged families. In Milwaukee, for example, parents who accepted vouchers, on average, were better educated, more involved in their children†s education, and had higher expectations for their children than parents of public school children. Only 1% of public school students are currently participating in a school voucher plan, so the majority of children are left in the public school system to fend for themselves. Voucher advocates often claim that private school education is cost effective because these schools can operate for less money. However, looking at the record of accomplishment of the only two experimental voucher schools, Milwaukee voucher program started in 1990, and Cleveland voucher program started in 1996, shows a very different story. In Milwaukee, analyses indicate that voucher schools received about $1,000 more per student than comparable public schools for the1996-97 school year. In addition, private schools are not required to have mandated services such as, special education, ESL, transportation, breakfast and lunch programs, which is accounted for in the money that the public schools receive per pupil. The most reasonable conclusion,† notes researcher Henry Levin, â€Å"Is that voucher schools in Milwaukee are receiving at least comparable allocations per student to those of the Milwaukee Public Schools, once the service mix is accounted for. † Voucher schools do not cost less to operate and in many cases, they cost more, taking precious funds away from public schools that are trying to reform. Voucher money likely would end up in the hands of private-school parents, essentially subsidizing those who already have fled the public school system, instead of creating incentive for public-school reform. Cleveland last month joined Milwaukee as the only school systems with vouchers. However, 27 percent of the 1,864 low-income kids in the Cleveland program were already in private schools. Private schools often charge high tuition. Since vouchers usually will not cover the full cost of tuition, the wealthy, who can already afford to pay private school tuition, will benefit the most. Low and middle-income families, who will not be able to afford the difference between the voucher and tuition costs, will be less likely to benefit. Even if poor families could come up with the full tuition amount, few private schools are located in the nation†s inner cities or other economically depressed areas. Fewer still are likely to admit children from disadvantaged backgrounds. For this reason, 45% of students participating in the Milwaukee program attend Catholic schools because they cost less. In any event, no voucher plan will benefit more than a small number of poor children. A voucher system also will not work if kids who want to leave public schools have no place to go, as many will not. Voucher supporters claim new private schools will spring up to meet new demand. However, this may be wishful thinking. â€Å"Many private schools believe government money means government regulation and do not want to take it,† says Joe McTighe, executive director of the Council of American Private Education. Proponents of vouchers feel that they are being unfairly taxed or taxed twice but â€Å"Double taxation† does not exist. Private school tuition is not a tax; it is an additional expense some parents have chosen to pay. All members of society are expected to support certain basic public services such as the police and fire departments, libraries and the public schools, whether they use them or not. Childless couples and single people, for instance, must still pay school taxes. ) We all have a vested interest in maintaining a strong public school system to make certain that our people are educated. Under a voucher plan, all taxpayers will face double taxation. They will have to pay for public schools, then pay-increased taxes to make up for funds being channeled too parochial and other private schools. The heavily contested issue of whether public money should be used to subsidize private, religious schools has raged on for over 50 years and will continue to as long as people challenge the constitution. Proponents believe vouchers will give opportunities to the poor, freedom of religion to all, and help begin a trend of reform in public schools. However, opponents fear that school vouchers will blur the lines separating church and state, and cause undue harm to the public school system. If nothing else it works for its designed purpose of creating a neutral environment that fosters learning. This neutrality has made possible the spread of tolerance to other institutions in our society. Children who learn to live together without religious distinctions are prepared as adults to build a more cooperative world.

Aristotles Ethics Essay - 1754 Words

The Humanities represent mans concern with man and with the human world. In that concern there is no more important problem than the age-old one which was first discussed systematically here, in Greece, more than two thousand years ago. The problem I refer to, which the ancient Greek philosophers thought deeply about, is this one: What makes a human life good -- what makes it worth living and what must we do, not just merely to live, but to live well? In the whole tradition of Western literature and learning, one book more than any other defines this problem for us and helps us to think about it. That book of course is Aristotles Ethics, written in the fourth century before Christ. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Plato had founded the†¦show more content†¦But is this happiness the same for all men? Is each of us pursuing the same goal when we try to live in such a way that our lives will be happy ones? To answer these questions it is necessary to understand the meaning of happiness -- what constitutes a happy life. And to do that, we must, first of all, clear our minds of certain misconceptions about the meaning of the word happy -- Every day of our lives, we use the word quot;happyquot; in a sense which means quot;feeling good,quot; quot;having fun,quot; having a good time, or somehow experiencing a lively pleasure of joy. We say to our friends when they seem despondent or out of sorts, quot;I hope you will feel happier tomorrow.quot; We say quot;Happy New Yearquot; or quot;Happy Birthdayquot; or quot;Happy Anniversary.quot; Now all of these expressions refer to the pleasant feelings -- the joys or satisfactions which we may have at one moment and not at another. In this meaning of the word, it is quite possible for us to feel happy at one moment and not at the next. This is not Aristotles meaning of the word. Nor, when you think about it for a moment, can it be the meaning of the word in the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson and other signers of the Declaration had read Aristotle and Plato. This was part of their education. Both Aristotle and the Declaration use the word happiness in a sense which refers to theShow MoreRelatedAristotle Of Aristotle : Nicomachean Ethics1487 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle: Nicomachean Ethics Happiness: it’s something we humans search far and wide for, to attain before we are called home at death. We go through our daily lives, making choices, commitments, changes, decisions. We set goals for ourselves, push ourselves, hurt ourselves, inspire ourselves, lose ourselves, find ourselves†¦but why? Whether it is a conscious effort or not, no matter who you are or where you find yourself at this very moment, there is one ultimately satisfying hope that brings usRead MoreThe Ethics Of Plato And Aristotle977 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay, I will be examining the ethics of Plato and Aristotle. I will explain the five fundamental concepts of Plato and Aristotle. I will focus on their theories on the good life as a life of justice, censorship, knowledge and the good life. I will first explain Plato’s ethics. Plato was a philosopher, both a rationalist and absolutist. According to Plato, people must be schooled to obtain certain kinds of knowledge for example mathematics, philosophy etc. The training will give themRead MoreAristotle s Ethics And Ethics Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagessays that people desire a conclusive theory on ethics. It is human nature to demand a clear path that does not meander into oblivion. 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Aristotle explainsRead MoreThe Nicomachean Ethics By Aristotle874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle â€Å"EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim† (Ross, n.d.). Aristotle believed that both external (wealth, material possessions) and internal (temperance, courage, etc.) contributed to a person’s happiness and that a person’s final goal was to find the â€Å"good† or their function in life. He also believed that theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Aristotle s Ethics1030 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book Nichomachean Ethics by Aristotle, Aristotle tries explain to us what the ultimate goal of the human life. He says that every activity we participate in has and ultimate goal or an end. He states that happiness is the ultimate goal in life and that every activity we engage in our daily lives is to achieve happiness. Since all activities we engage in have an end then he says that happiness is the highest of all ends. So as human beings the goal of life is to achieve the highest of allRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1282 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, Aristotle’s ethics of happiness and how happiness and reason relate to one another from Nicomachean Ethics will be discussed. For one to understand Aristotle’s point of view, one must first understand the meaning of good and happiness. If an individual is asked to explain what is good, they may simply begin to list out items that are good. Aristotle explained that a person can easily compose a list of good things like, it is good to have friends or to be healthy. What Aristotle meant by what isRead MoreAristotle s Symposium : The Nicomachean Ethics1934 Words   |  8 Pages720532457 The Symposium verses The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (Ethics) is regarded as one of the, if not the greatest work concerning ethics in history. The word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos, which translates more properly as â€Å"character†, and it would seem that Aristotle’s concern in The Ethics, is what constitutes good character, and that goodness is of practical use; that merely knowing how to be a way is only half of what’s necessary, and that the known mustRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1515 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, happiness is known as eudaimonia, and is an Intrinsic Good. For Aristotle, humans reach their supreme goal of eudaimonia through intellectual and moral virtues. When one can habitually and favorably find the mean between extreme actions in any situation, moral virtue is reached. Intellectual virtue is reached through phronesis, or when an individual uses his or her mind to choose a â€Å"right† decisio n. The cultivation of habit is necessary for Aristotle because when choosingRead MoreAristotle And Kant : Virtue Ethics1847 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle and Kant are great philosophers who have made substantial efforts to focus on the issue of virtue ethics. Virtue ethics is a wide term for principles that focus on the moral act that brings about good values. Aristotle and Kant are virtue ethicist since they attempt to offer moral advice to the society. Most virtue ethicist emulates Aristotle who affirmed that a righteous person should have the ideal traits. These traits originate from natural innermost tendencies but societies need to