The Use of Flashback in Kenneth Branaghs Henry V Essay -- Film, Movie

The Use of Flashback in Kenneth Branagh's Henry V Â   In Kenneth Branagh's film adaptation of William Shakespeare's Henry V flashback is used at key moments to comment on the action and to explain points in Henry's past, and how that past effects his present judgment. Certain scenes and lines are borrowed from parts one and two of Shakespeare's Henry IV to do this. The result is an amalgam of scenes, lines, and characters which brings about a telling expose of Henry V, and the man he was before becoming king of England. Flashback is used in this adaptation directly, to establish key points and players in Henry's life, as well as in a less direct manner, coming through in his current actions, to show his sovereignty, what that means to him and why. The initial flashback scene displays a memory of Pistol's concerning Sir John Falstaff (portrayed by actor Robbie Coltrane). The flashback occurs while Falstaff is on his deathbed, and his remaining friends lament his impending loss. Branagh gives Pistol a line of Falstaff's, describing Falstaff in his own words as "A goodly, portly man, in faith," (1 Henry IV. II. iv. 421), apparently to establish Falstaff as the well loved character he seems to be in the Branagh film. Falstaff is shown as the jolly jester in this flashback, and not at all as the dangerous, mischief making deceiver he is in the texts, themselves. Branagh focuses on the pathos of Falstaff, to display his rejection as an unfortunate one. It is in this flashback that the audience sees the Machiavellian seeds being sewn in Prince Hal's personality as he shows his willingness to banish "valiant Jack Falstaff", however it is not shown where these seeds came from. Falstaff advises his young friend not to banish him f... ...am Shakespeare's Henry V, Branagh uses flashback in more than one way to retell the classic story of King Henry V. Both in actual, and implied flashback Branagh shows the true character of Henry, along with what makes him the king that he is and what gets him to this point in his life. The byproducts of the humanization of Falstaff, and the vilification of Bardolph, coupled with the unique look at Henry's image of his father gives the audience a very different look at this life story, but one which is nonetheless accurate, and entertaining. Works Cited Henry V. Dir. Kenneth Branagh. The Samuel Goldwyn Company, 1989. Kliman, Bernice W. "Branagh's Henry V: Allusion and Illusion." Shakespeare on Film Newsletter. 14.1 (Dec. 1989): 1+. Shaw, William P. "Textual Ambiguities and Cinematic Certainties in Henry V." Literature Film Quarterly. 22.2 (1994): 117-28.

Voucher programs: Tuition Subsidied for Public School Students

Vouchers are tuition subsidies for students in public schools to attend private schools and/or for students already in private schools. Proponents for publicly funded school vouchers see them as a way for poor parents to leave a failing public school system and allow their children to go to the school of their choice. Opponents fear that school vouchers would take money away from public schools, causing grater segregation while not helping the majority of students remaining in the public school system. The Catholic Church supports school vouchers and believes that every person should have equal opportunity to send there children to the best schools regardless of there financial situation. This paper will attempt to explain the complex arguments around the issue of publicly funded school vouchers, so that one could understand both sides of this issue. Voucher programs allow students to take a portion of funds reserved for public education to put toward private education. The major supporters of school vouchers are poor parents, and the Catholic Church. Before 1999, the Catholic Church had been one of the chief enemies of all federal grants for education. Then the Hierarchy gradually changed direction, and it decided to support federal aid in principle on condition that any specific measure should include auxiliary services for Catholic schools. The condition has never been met, and the failure of agreement has created the longest and most caustic church-state controversy in the history of Congress. According to the Church and Catechism it is the obligation of the state that â€Å"public subsidies are paid out in such a way that parents are truly free to choose according to their conscience the schools they want for their children. † Supporters of such a program believe that allowing students to choose the school they will attend will result in a better education and a more level playing field, where not only middle- and upper-class students dominate the private school system. Some proponents of vouchers see the public school system as promoting atheist views and denying the freedom to practice a religion other that atheism. School vouchers would allow parents to send their children to religious schools and allow them to assert the right to practice the religion of their choice. Cavailer Daily, a scholar and leader in the voucher movement states, â€Å"Freedom of Religion should allow students to attend a parochial school, rather than prevent them. † Vouchers allow choice for all people not only the ones wealthy enough to afford a religions education. The current system has allowed students â€Å"to be rigorously secularized† striking down â€Å"most forms of public assistance to parents who desire to protect their children from an educational system that is often actively promoting values that are profoundly at odds with religious convictions. The net result has been that a crucial aspect of religious freedom is exercised only by families wealthy enough to afford private education after paying taxes for public schools. † Mary Ann Glendon, a constitutional scholar and professor at Harvard University. Many proponents of vouchers do not want to eliminate the public school system; they want to use . School choice means better educational opportunity, because it uses the dynamics of consumer competition to drive service quality. As students leave the public school system and choose private school they will take there voucher money with them causing profit loses for that district. Many proponents of vouchers feel that this will cause the public schools to reform and offer a better educational program, so they can also become competitive in the schools market. Public schools currently account for 90% of the educational institutions, thus cornering the market. Proponents of vouchers believe that the short term benefits will allow students to get a better education, and in the long term public schools will be forced to radically change there programs in order to compete with a growing school market. The advantage of voucher programs is that parents can spend their money how they see fit. Public schools are funded with taxes-often property taxes, which partially accounts for better schools in richer districts. Each district gets a different amount of money per student so in the poor areas of the country the schools get less money per student resulting in lower quality teachers, and inability to buy adequate materials. People must pay these taxes regardless of the quality of local schools, or where they want to send their child. Even if you send your child to private school, you are still required to pay taxes to fund a public school system that you do not use. The voucher system, then, acts as a refund system for parents who wish to educate their children elsewhere. Leading the charge against publicly funded school vouchers is the American Teachers Union, American Federation of Teachers, National Education Association, as well as The National Council of Churches and many constitutionalists. Opponents of school vouchers believe that while vouchers might seem like a good idea on the surface, a deeper investigation reveals its fatal flaws and irreversible social implications. The biggest argument against vouchers is that they are unconstitutional. It has been decide that according to the establishment clause of the 1st amendment giving any funds to private school that promote religion is against the law. Vouchers also have the ability to hurt the majority of students in public schools by taking away their funding. According to expert on the subject of school vouchers, Henry Levin, â€Å"not only are vouchers unconstitutional but they completely undermine the public education system, thus threatening our system of democracy. † The issue is one of separation between church and state. Under the establishment clause of the 14th amendment, may public money be used for sectarian schools? During the 1940†³s, the high court decided that all direct appropriations for the central expenditures of such schools would be unconstitutional. No federal or local tax funds may be used for building costs, teachers† salaries, or other regular operational expenses. These perimeters were established in the Everson v. Board of Education ruling in 1947. In this case, a New Jersey town had allowed local tax funds to reimburse Catholic parents for busing their children to school. The Court, speaking through Justice Black, said: The â€Å"establishment of religion† clause of the First Amendment means at least this: Neither a state nor the Federal Government can set up a church. Neither can pass laws, which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another. Neither can force nor influence a person to go to or remain away from church against his will or force him to profess a belief of disbelief in any religion. No person can be punished for entertaining or professing religious beliefs or dis-beliefs, for church attendance or non-attendance. No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, what ever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice or teach religion. Neither a state nor the Federal Government can, openly or secretly, participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups and vice versa. In the words of Jefferson, the clause against the establishment of religion by law was intended to erect â€Å"a wall of separation between church and state. † For the past 50 years the Supreme Court has held up the â€Å"wall of separation† in such high profile cases as the Nyquist decision in 1973, which invalidated a New York State program that provided tuition reimbursements to poor parents whose children attended private schools. Although the court found that New York had attempted to ensure the secular effect by making the payments directly to the parents, it ruled that the program had a primary function of advancing religion, and there for was unconstitutional. This ruling affirmed Justice Black†s decision in making publicly funded school vouchers unconstitutional. Opponents of school vouchers believe that not only are they unconstitutional; they also hurt students and the Public School System. The United States Public School system was founded during the mid 1800†³s to promote economic and social well being. The United States prides it self on being one of the only countries to provide a free and equal education to all children from kintergarden too high school. There is an apparent connection between public schools and the common good in democracy because as our country becomes increasingly diverse, the public school system stands out as an institution that unifies Americans. Research from the United States and abroad show that vouchers lead to greater segregation of students by socioeconomic status and race. Countries such as Ireland and Canada are divided because their governments provide education for each different religion, and consequently a deep cultural division in the population has been accentuated. The public school systems serves the majority of people and most are satisfied and don†t want to change where they go to school. Opponents of school vouchers believe they do not help the majority of poor and underprivileged and benefit more advantaged families. In Milwaukee, for example, parents who accepted vouchers, on average, were better educated, more involved in their children†s education, and had higher expectations for their children than parents of public school children. Only 1% of public school students are currently participating in a school voucher plan, so the majority of children are left in the public school system to fend for themselves. Voucher advocates often claim that private school education is cost effective because these schools can operate for less money. However, looking at the record of accomplishment of the only two experimental voucher schools, Milwaukee voucher program started in 1990, and Cleveland voucher program started in 1996, shows a very different story. In Milwaukee, analyses indicate that voucher schools received about $1,000 more per student than comparable public schools for the1996-97 school year. In addition, private schools are not required to have mandated services such as, special education, ESL, transportation, breakfast and lunch programs, which is accounted for in the money that the public schools receive per pupil. The most reasonable conclusion,† notes researcher Henry Levin, â€Å"Is that voucher schools in Milwaukee are receiving at least comparable allocations per student to those of the Milwaukee Public Schools, once the service mix is accounted for. † Voucher schools do not cost less to operate and in many cases, they cost more, taking precious funds away from public schools that are trying to reform. Voucher money likely would end up in the hands of private-school parents, essentially subsidizing those who already have fled the public school system, instead of creating incentive for public-school reform. Cleveland last month joined Milwaukee as the only school systems with vouchers. However, 27 percent of the 1,864 low-income kids in the Cleveland program were already in private schools. Private schools often charge high tuition. Since vouchers usually will not cover the full cost of tuition, the wealthy, who can already afford to pay private school tuition, will benefit the most. Low and middle-income families, who will not be able to afford the difference between the voucher and tuition costs, will be less likely to benefit. Even if poor families could come up with the full tuition amount, few private schools are located in the nation†s inner cities or other economically depressed areas. Fewer still are likely to admit children from disadvantaged backgrounds. For this reason, 45% of students participating in the Milwaukee program attend Catholic schools because they cost less. In any event, no voucher plan will benefit more than a small number of poor children. A voucher system also will not work if kids who want to leave public schools have no place to go, as many will not. Voucher supporters claim new private schools will spring up to meet new demand. However, this may be wishful thinking. â€Å"Many private schools believe government money means government regulation and do not want to take it,† says Joe McTighe, executive director of the Council of American Private Education. Proponents of vouchers feel that they are being unfairly taxed or taxed twice but â€Å"Double taxation† does not exist. Private school tuition is not a tax; it is an additional expense some parents have chosen to pay. All members of society are expected to support certain basic public services such as the police and fire departments, libraries and the public schools, whether they use them or not. Childless couples and single people, for instance, must still pay school taxes. ) We all have a vested interest in maintaining a strong public school system to make certain that our people are educated. Under a voucher plan, all taxpayers will face double taxation. They will have to pay for public schools, then pay-increased taxes to make up for funds being channeled too parochial and other private schools. The heavily contested issue of whether public money should be used to subsidize private, religious schools has raged on for over 50 years and will continue to as long as people challenge the constitution. Proponents believe vouchers will give opportunities to the poor, freedom of religion to all, and help begin a trend of reform in public schools. However, opponents fear that school vouchers will blur the lines separating church and state, and cause undue harm to the public school system. If nothing else it works for its designed purpose of creating a neutral environment that fosters learning. This neutrality has made possible the spread of tolerance to other institutions in our society. Children who learn to live together without religious distinctions are prepared as adults to build a more cooperative world.

Aristotles Ethics Essay - 1754 Words

The Humanities represent mans concern with man and with the human world. In that concern there is no more important problem than the age-old one which was first discussed systematically here, in Greece, more than two thousand years ago. The problem I refer to, which the ancient Greek philosophers thought deeply about, is this one: What makes a human life good -- what makes it worth living and what must we do, not just merely to live, but to live well? In the whole tradition of Western literature and learning, one book more than any other defines this problem for us and helps us to think about it. That book of course is Aristotles Ethics, written in the fourth century before Christ. Aristotle was a student of Plato. Plato had founded the†¦show more content†¦But is this happiness the same for all men? Is each of us pursuing the same goal when we try to live in such a way that our lives will be happy ones? To answer these questions it is necessary to understand the meaning of happiness -- what constitutes a happy life. And to do that, we must, first of all, clear our minds of certain misconceptions about the meaning of the word happy -- Every day of our lives, we use the word quot;happyquot; in a sense which means quot;feeling good,quot; quot;having fun,quot; having a good time, or somehow experiencing a lively pleasure of joy. We say to our friends when they seem despondent or out of sorts, quot;I hope you will feel happier tomorrow.quot; We say quot;Happy New Yearquot; or quot;Happy Birthdayquot; or quot;Happy Anniversary.quot; Now all of these expressions refer to the pleasant feelings -- the joys or satisfactions which we may have at one moment and not at another. In this meaning of the word, it is quite possible for us to feel happy at one moment and not at the next. This is not Aristotles meaning of the word. Nor, when you think about it for a moment, can it be the meaning of the word in the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson and other signers of the Declaration had read Aristotle and Plato. This was part of their education. Both Aristotle and the Declaration use the word happiness in a sense which refers to theShow MoreRelatedAristotle Of Aristotle : Nicomachean Ethics1487 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle: Nicomachean Ethics Happiness: it’s something we humans search far and wide for, to attain before we are called home at death. We go through our daily lives, making choices, commitments, changes, decisions. We set goals for ourselves, push ourselves, hurt ourselves, inspire ourselves, lose ourselves, find ourselves†¦but why? Whether it is a conscious effort or not, no matter who you are or where you find yourself at this very moment, there is one ultimately satisfying hope that brings usRead MoreThe Ethics Of Plato And Aristotle977 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay, I will be examining the ethics of Plato and Aristotle. I will explain the five fundamental concepts of Plato and Aristotle. I will focus on their theories on the good life as a life of justice, censorship, knowledge and the good life. I will first explain Plato’s ethics. Plato was a philosopher, both a rationalist and absolutist. According to Plato, people must be schooled to obtain certain kinds of knowledge for example mathematics, philosophy etc. The training will give themRead MoreAristotle s Ethics And Ethics Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagessays that people desire a conclusive theory on ethics. It is human nature to demand a clear path that does not meander into oblivion. Matters Ethics and Morality take twists and turns that seem to end in no specific action plan. Philosophers that came after J.S mill, Bentham, Kant, Aristotle and many more have strived to find a conclusive theory to Ethics. Ethics and any other branch of Philosophy has proven to be s o problematic. Applicability of Ethics peddled by recent philosophers might prove toRead MoreAristotle Ethics Essay1910 Words   |  8 Pages2/19/07 Aristotle Ethics Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics provides a sensible account for what true moral virtue is and how one may go about attaining it. Aristotle covers many topics that help reach this conclusion. One of them being the idea of mean between the extremes. Although Aristotle provided a reliable account for many philosophers to follow, Rosalind Hursthouse along with many others finds lose ends and topics which can be easily misinterpreted in Aristotles writing. Aristotle explainsRead MoreThe Nicomachean Ethics By Aristotle874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle â€Å"EVERY art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim† (Ross, n.d.). Aristotle believed that both external (wealth, material possessions) and internal (temperance, courage, etc.) contributed to a person’s happiness and that a person’s final goal was to find the â€Å"good† or their function in life. He also believed that theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Aristotle s Ethics1030 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book Nichomachean Ethics by Aristotle, Aristotle tries explain to us what the ultimate goal of the human life. He says that every activity we participate in has and ultimate goal or an end. He states that happiness is the ultimate goal in life and that every activity we engage in our daily lives is to achieve happiness. Since all activities we engage in have an end then he says that happiness is the highest of all ends. So as human beings the goal of life is to achieve the highest of allRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1282 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, Aristotle’s ethics of happiness and how happiness and reason relate to one another from Nicomachean Ethics will be discussed. For one to understand Aristotle’s point of view, one must first understand the meaning of good and happiness. If an individual is asked to explain what is good, they may simply begin to list out items that are good. Aristotle explained that a person can easily compose a list of good things like, it is good to have friends or to be healthy. What Aristotle meant by what isRead MoreAristotle s Symposium : The Nicomachean Ethics1934 Words   |  8 Pages720532457 The Symposium verses The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (Ethics) is regarded as one of the, if not the greatest work concerning ethics in history. The word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos, which translates more properly as â€Å"character†, and it would seem that Aristotle’s concern in The Ethics, is what constitutes good character, and that goodness is of practical use; that merely knowing how to be a way is only half of what’s necessary, and that the known mustRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1515 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics, happiness is known as eudaimonia, and is an Intrinsic Good. For Aristotle, humans reach their supreme goal of eudaimonia through intellectual and moral virtues. When one can habitually and favorably find the mean between extreme actions in any situation, moral virtue is reached. Intellectual virtue is reached through phronesis, or when an individual uses his or her mind to choose a â€Å"right† decisio n. The cultivation of habit is necessary for Aristotle because when choosingRead MoreAristotle And Kant : Virtue Ethics1847 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle and Kant are great philosophers who have made substantial efforts to focus on the issue of virtue ethics. Virtue ethics is a wide term for principles that focus on the moral act that brings about good values. Aristotle and Kant are virtue ethicist since they attempt to offer moral advice to the society. Most virtue ethicist emulates Aristotle who affirmed that a righteous person should have the ideal traits. These traits originate from natural innermost tendencies but societies need to

Comparison Of Napoleon Bonaparte A Hero Or Villain

There is no question in the fact that Napoleon Bonaparte was a significant character in France. However, there have been debates among historians for years around the central question: â€Å"Was Napoleon Bonaparte a hero or a villain?† The answer here relies on how one looks upon the situation. Was Napoleon Bonaparte a savior to the French, or was he a tyrant to the French? Although many historians’ answers do rely deeply onto perspective, their answers also lie within which stage of life Napoleon Bonaparte was in, as well as the shift in opinions that come as time changes. Paul Stock and Phillip Dwyer analyze Napoleon Bonaparte’s influence and through the analysis, debate on whether Napoleon Bonaparte should be considered a hero or a villain,†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless for the reasoning, Napoleon Bonaparte was still considered a hero to many. However, Phillip Dwyer presents a reason for why Napoleon was viewed as a â€Å"hero†, which makes him seem more as a villain. Dwyer presents that there was use of â€Å"political imagery and rhetoric used to promote Napoleon in France on the one hand, and the manner in which he behaved in public outside France on the other† (Dwyer 379). Napoleon, although a â€Å"hero† to the French, was â€Å"exaggerating his victories, feeding the Directory inaccurate reports, or simply omitting any embarrassing setbacks that he or his generals may have suffered. The audience he cultivated was in France† (Dwyer 1). Here, Dwyer is showing that Napoleon been deceitful, and with such deceit, the French considered him a hero. Dwyer’s debate brings about that yes, Napoleon was considered a hero, however, do the means of deceit that he achieved his hero standing through implicate Napoleon as a villain? Dwyer believes that Napoleon Bonaparte was considered a hero through a â€Å"hero-savior myth†, yet nevertheless, was considered a hero by the French, and to this d ay is still considered a hero (Dwyer 1). This debate does delve into the larger scale of Napoleon Bonaparte as a whole, as the idea of Napoleon has become such a popular worldwide phenomenon that it is difficult to pinpoint certain works to one area of Napoleon Bonaparte without bleeding into another. However, the aspect on whether

A Report On Energy Industry - 1614 Words

Energy Industry Focus on Renewables Ian Baynes – BUS376A – Sustainable Marketing Green technology is booming, yet a worldwide decrease in green spending has taken place for a second year in a row. According to a report done by Frankfurt School and sponsored by Bloomberg Finance, worldwide green spending for the fiscal year 2013 was $216 billion. U.S. Spending alone peaked to $50.8 billion in 2011 (CNN), before dropping to its current level of $36 billion (Frankfurt). There is a treasure-trove of funding for green innovation and increased productivity. However, due to negative global economic conditions, companies are going to have to fight harder than ever for the decreasing availability of precious green dollars. This funding battle is†¦show more content†¦As renewable technologies continue to improve in functionality, availability, efficiency, affordability, and practicality, so does interest in the technology. People are starting to have practical access to new green technologies that were simply not viable in the past. This reality resonates with th e mainstream populace not because they can now save the world, but because they can also save themselves money at the same time. For example, solar panels are especially desirable because they can save the consumer money on their electricity bill. Washers that use recycled water from previous loads are increasingly desirable because they can save lots of water. Electric cars that can go over 250 miles on a charge--such as the Tesla--can save the consumer thousands of dollars in gas costs and offer practical, convenient, and cheap transportation. Convenience and viability have a huge role in turning sustainable renewable energy into a reality. Society has noticed the new reality of convenient sustainable technology and is willing to act. Technological Advances in renewable energy technology provide a promising outlook for what lies ahead. In this case, the ends of utilizing rare-earth metals, fossil fuels, and other finite resources may justify the means. A large hurdle corresponding to current renewable energy technologies is their

Effects Of Mercury On The Enviroment Free Essays

LA Gear and other shoe companies have been using mercury to make the switch active in their shoe that light up when a person walks. The shoes should return to the company after the user is done with the to be recycled. Since LA never advertises this, people just thrown them away like any other pair of old shoes. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects Of Mercury On The Enviroment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eventually the shoes end up in a land fill and the mercury can leak out into the environment. Mercury is a highly toxic substance and is the cause of the Minamata Disease in the 1950’s. On the top 20 toxic chemical list, mercury rates 3rd. Mercury bioaccumulates in the body and has difficulty eliminating it. It may reach dangerous levels over time and causes sever damage to the central nervous system. Mercury’s Effect on the Environment and People Mercury is one of the biggest environmental problems that exist because it is hard to get of once in the environment. In the past, mercury was used to make things like paper, put in paint and thermometers, and as an agricultural pesticide. The Minamata Disease is a good example of what could happen if mercury enters into the environment. In the mid 1950’s, more than 100 Japanese were poisoned by fish that contained methyl mercury. The mercury came from industrial waste that had been dumped into the bay where the fish were caught. The mercury bioaccumulated up the food chain. The cats the were eating the fish showed the symptoms first. They began to act very strange; running into walls and acting like they were â€Å"in a trance. † The people in the village developed mental retardation, insanity, and birth defects from eating the poisoned fish. Fifty people died and 150 people suffered from these disorders. Another example of mercury’s effect on people and the environment comes from the saying â€Å"mad as a hatter. † In the 1800’s, hats were made with mercury to stiffened the brim. The hatters that made the hats worked with mercury all the time. The mercury was absorbed into their skin and caused them to develop neurological and physiological disorders. People just assumed they were going crazy. From then on, when someone thought another was going out of their mind they would say they were â€Å"mad as a hatter. † How to cite Effects Of Mercury On The Enviroment, Essay examples

Business Intelligence Management Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the Business Intelligence for Management Information Systems. Answer: Introduction: Business Intelligence is a technology for analysing information or data used by many Company and Organisation for realising the past and forecasting the future. It is an idea by which the company or organisation take their decision for developing their economy growth. Business Intelligence consists of many tools, applications, and methodological analysis that help organisations to collect their data from their various sources like internal sources or external sources or both of them (OBrien, 2003). Sense Networks is also using the data fetched by the cell phones, GPS, and wifi. The data is used by the data miners to get information about a range of customers. Sense networks are using this technology to benefit their work process. GSK also usage the Business Intelligence for their business benefit by collecting a range of data from the supply chain planning system and using it for business forecasting. GSK has an own developed model which is used to analyse and prepare the stock, prod uction, and inventory. It is a tool that is used for developing business, economy as well as the fame of the company. In business their many facts are factor mattered when a company or organisations doing their business like customers, business partners, economic environment, internal operations and competitors to make the business effective and well quality business decisions. Giant food stores have also employed Business Intelligence helps to make this kind of decisions. In specialised field of Business Intelligence, it has the name of competitive intelligence which focuses on the extraneous competitive atmosphere (Bargshady, 2014). In this competition information or data is gathered on the action of the activity of competitors and decisions are made based on the information or data. It is initially driven by user demand. One sample of BI example is given below: Types of problems/ Decisions: There are various types of problem are happened during a business. Then decision had to be made by the company. Decision-making is the most important and hardest step of a business in which the managers have to take a decision which can become beneficial for the company in long term. Each company has to take different decisions based upon work of different departments, Giant food stores have used the Business Intelligence for the pricing strategies whereas GSK is using the BI for inventory control strategies. I have mentioned some of the types of decisions they will have to take in Business. Decisions: Marketing Decision: Marketing decision is mainly used to choose and place the product at appropriate market. The previous sales of a market will be analysed and the future strategies of the company regarding the product base and the product selection. Sales and marketing are considered as one of the most important department and the decision was taken by the manager could help the company in analysing and making a plan for the future of the company. Giant food Stores has to take care of the pricing strategies to stay competitive in the market. Production or manufacturing Department: The Business intelligence tools helps the organization by updating the manufacturing managers with the updating the changing market and the changing product portfolios. Managers of the company can estimate the changing product needs and increase and decrease the production. There are different tools which are being used by the manufacturers for the manufacturing process and data processing and reporting. Enterprise manufacturing intelligence, in one of such software which is being used by the companies in the case of manufacturing and future production. Finance Department: The Business intelligence reduces the Information bottlenecks as it allows the end users to extract the data from the database of the company. The finance department can be get benefitted with the help of the business intelligence. The business intelligence tool will be used to calculate and evaluate the data related to the companys overall transaction. This usefulness of the company will help them in creating a business oriented approach. Different Financial related problems like data entry and evaluation will be easily done by the tools and a report will be produced which will use by the finance managers in taking different decisions as per the situation. Inventory Management: In this case company has to take care of their stocks and supply chain management. The Inventory management can be done with the help of Business Intelligence. GSK has effectively implemented BI methodology for the inventory management in the company. Process The Business Intelligence support the decision-making the process as it helps to improve the information quality in various ways, which includes the faster access to information, easier querying, and analysis, it also improved the data consistency with the help of data integration process and some other related data management activities. The implementation of the business intelligence involves in both the technology and organisational change. Therefore it contributes the primary to improve the quality of information content which can impact on the accomplishment of strategic business objectives improves the decision making. If we compare the earlier decision support system then it can be said that the business intelligence system has been derived from the concept of executive information system and provide artificial intelligence capabilities and also the powerful analytical capabilities as well. It includes some of the features like online analytical processing, predictive analytic s, data mining, alerts and notification, scorecards and dashboard and querying and reporting the data visualisations. Advantages: Some of the advantages of using this business intelligence in the organisation are: It helps to improve the business productivity. Businesses channel their vital resources and workforce to improve the business productivity and the business intelligence help to gather the work. All the crucial information are easily accessed, as the business intelligence provide the crucial information to the company to improve their ability to make a quick decision. Business intelligence also ensures the stronger ROI (Return on Investment ) because of this the company can easily reduce the cost, improve the margin of the business, enhance their revenue , drive cost avoidance and much more. Other than this t also improve the business efficiency , employee productivity , customer satisfaction and strategic decision making. It improved the decision making as it reports based on accurate and timely information which help the companies to measure their performance of their throughout process. Tools: The types of tools which are used in business intelligence are : Spreadsheets OLAP Data mining Data warehousing Process visualization Local Information systems Reporting and querying software Digital dashboards Except for the spreadsheet all other tools are provided as standalone tools or the components of ERP system, or the components of a software target to a specific industry. There are various techniques which are used to analyse the business process data. This technique is known as Business intelligence. The business intelligence mainly deals with capturing and accessing the various aspects of an enterprise, it customers and competitors. The business intelligence techniques are used to gather, store, analyze and provide access to intelligence information about the enterprise data which help to identify the significant trends and patterns which assist the decision-making process. Therefore the businessman can make a more accurate decision which is more tactical and strategic managerial issues like it help to determine the supply chain which is competing in a specific marketing. The different application which is commonly used in business intelligence is decision support system which is used for the query, reporting, online analytical processing, forecasting, and data mining and statistical analysis. This application mainly gathers data from a data warehou se or a data mart and all this become a part od data enterprise resource planning system (Cui, 2007). Uses The business Intelligence methodologies are commonly used to improve the organisational performance: It measures all the activities of the company or business to determine the performance metrics which provide all the information about the progress towards the business goal to the manager of the company. The performance management methodology which includes the set of tools is Portals, scorecards or dashboards. Some of the Analytical activities which develop the quantitative process for optimal decision making and perform a business knowledge discovery (Schiff, 2013). Then there are different reporting activities which help to develop an infrastructure specifically for strategic reporting to provide the strategic decision-making mechanism of a business. These activities involve tools such as data visualization and OLAP. One more methodology which is used in business intelligence is the knowledge management activities which use to create, distribute , represent and adopt the experience of true business Collaborative activities which help to provide different parties to work together through the data sharing and electronic data interchange (Schiff, 2013). As we can understand from the part An analysis the Business Intelligence can be considered as one of the tools which are being used by the companies for their business easiness. The BI tools can be used to analyse the data as well as it can be used to predict the future aspect of the present business. I have selected two different organizations namely GSK and Giant food stores. These two companies have implemented the Business Intelligence in the company operation and in the decision-making process. The dashboard feature of the software tool is used by the company in which they have used the graphics support of the software to effectively analyse the problems associated. The company has used the dashboard to give better and graphical views for the opportunity pipeline. This feature has helped the managers in suggesting a better location for the company product sales. Giant food stores have used these features for benefitting their business in this competitive environment. GSK used th e Business Intelligence process in Inventory management. We can call it a productive use of the Business Intelligence in the business. Apart from these two sense networks has collected datas related with the customers and used in customer network building. Companies: Two of the companies have used different data analytics as well as other business intelligence tools which were required to analyse the data and produce a result which will help in the decision-making process. They got benefitted with the use of Business Intelligence in different aspects, GSK as well as Sense Network has used the Business Intelligence in their business process. Benefits: Decision making: Giant food stores has used the Business Intelligence in the business price strategies. They have used the BI for pricing strategies and decision-making process. Each department of the company got benefitted with the help of the Business Intelligence tools they have used. Cost and Time: One of the benefits of the Business Intelligence is its productivity; companies can use these tools in the decision-making process. The time associated with the traditional way was much higher than the time taken with the help of Business intelligence. Removing the complexity of the work helps the company in saving time and cost. Now the data entry and manipulation in both the companies are much easier and faster (Stackowiak, 2007). Employee empowerment: Business Intelligence also empowers the employees of a company. In the case of these two companies the employees or the managers involved with different operational work get benefitted with the business Intelligence. The business intelligence is one of the tools which can be used to predict the future trend and ongoing market trend. Now managers can use these technologies to analyse the present situation and take up different initiatives to proceed with the changes prospect (Stackowiak, 2007). Technologies and Business Technologies have changed the business style and the way they operate at present. The innovation of the cloud computing, Big data, data mining is helping companies in their day to day operation. One of the best ways of collecting informations and analysing the related data for the business benefit is done by the Big data and analytics. At present data present in the information technologies can be used in the business process decision making. Emerging Technologies Big data: A large number of Data present in the companies need to be analysed so that it can be used for the business benefits. For IT companies the emergence of Big data is about more than deploying a software or an application. The importance of the Big is grown to a significant amount as it provides a quick source to the companies to analyse the data. Data creating is taking place at an unprecedented rate and at present it is growing at a rate of around 60% per year (Villars, 2016). The presence of the data whether structured or unstructured helps the companies in taking new approach regarding the business. Big data analytics tools such as Hadoop can be used to analyse the large amount of data (Kirkpatrick, 2013). Sense Network has been using Data mining process to get relevant informations from a large database. These are some usage of emerging technologies in the companies. Cloud computing: Cloud computing is another technological innovation which is helping the companies in improving the present storage and networking concepts. Cloud facility enables the companies to access the data and transfer the required data and information to different branches of the company. Cloud technology is increasing their base among the companies as many of the organizations considers this as a cost effective and required substitute for the traditional storage and data sharing options. There are some risks associated with the Cloud services which are needed to be addressed by the management of a company before deploying the cloud facility in the organization. They can also use cloud services as the infrastructure and service for the company, cloud services are generally provided by the third party providers of the company. Cloud-based services are less costly as compared to the traditional facilities (BCS, 2012). Changes due to Technologies: Changes which are being carried out with these technological innovations will help the organizations in creating the most business-friendly environment. These technological changes would help the companies in different ways, they will be more productive and result oriented. Business Intelligence will help the company managers in making appropriate decisions for the betterment of the organization. It helps to improve the information quality in various ways, which includes the faster access to information, easier querying, and analysis, it also improved the data consistency with the help of data integration process and some other related data management activities. Time and cost associated with the company operation and functions will be reducing to a significant amount. Now the business decisions will be more result oriented and perfect than the previous traditional decision-making process. Big data and cloud computing are providing a range of services which will benefit the organizations in adding values to the organizations. Now with the help of the technologies GSK, Giant food store, sense network and all the 7 companies are getting benefitted through it. Companies are using BI in the decision-making process, inventory management, Customer relationship management as well as in marketing decisions. Conclusion: The report is based on business Intelligence and its usage at present in the organizations. Business Intelligence is considered as one of the ideas by which the company or organisation take their decision for developing their economy growth. The report analyses 7 different case studies which are using Business Intelligence and latest technologies for their business. Business Intelligence consists of many tools, applications, and methodological analysis that help an organisation. The report described different factors which are related to the business Intelligence. It is used by the companies in enhancing the business decision-making process. Business Intelligence tool is used to analyse the previous data related to the company and creating a report which will present a throughout analysis of the report for the company. This report will be used by the company managers in taking decisions. As we know the technologies are being used by the companies in making the whole process easy for the company Reference Turban, E., Aronson, J.E., Liang, T.-P. and McCarthy, R.V. (2011)Decision support and business intelligence systems. 9th edn. United States: Pearson Education (US). OBrien, J.A. (2003)Management information systems: Managing information technology in the business enterprise. 6th edn. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Inc.,US. Bargshady, G., Alipanah, F., Abdulrazzaq, A.W. and Chukwunonso, F. 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